El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar parámetros fisiológicos para comparar y correlacionar en función de la saturación de oxigeno muscular y hemoglobina total medida con espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano no invasivo. La muestra (n=17 mujeres) se dividieron en 2 grupos: sobrepeso/obesidad y normopeso, se valoró la composición corporal, parámetros fisiológicos, saturación de oxigeno muscular e indicie de esfuerzo percibido durante la prueba de esfuerzo incremental máxima en un cicloergometro en base a cuatro zonas metabólicas establecidas: fatmax, umbral aeróbico, umbral anaeróbico y zona de consumo máximo de oxígeno. Los resultados se analizaron utilizando el método estadístico Anova de un factor y la correlación de pearsón. Los resultados encontrados en el grupo normopeso la saturación de oxigeno muscular tiene correlación positiva alta con el vo2max durante la zona fatmax y umbral aeróbico (r=0,72- p=0,04) (r=0,77 – p=0,02), la frecuencia cardíaca de entrenamiento (r= -0,87 – p=0,01) tiene correlación negativa muy alta en la zona umbral anaeróbico, en el grupo sobrepeso obesidad no se encontró ninguna correlación. En conclusión las mujeres con normopeso la saturación de oxigeno muscular medida con espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano no invasivo puede ser un buen parámetro fisiológico para programar ejercicio en la zonas fatmax, umbral aeróbico y umbral anaeróbico, pero en las mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad se necesitan más estudios.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare physiological parameters and correlate function of muscle oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin measured with near-infrared spectroscopy noninvasive. The sample (n = 17 women) were divided into 2 groups: overweight / obese and normal weight, was measured body composition, physiological parameters, saturation of muscle oxygen and index of perceived exertion during testing maximum incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer based titrated four metabolic zones established: fatmax, aerobic threshold, anaerobic threshold and area of maximum oxygen consumption. The results were analyzed using ANOVA statistical method of a factor and Pearson correlation. The results found in the normal weight group muscle oxygen saturation has high positive correlation with VO2max during fatmax zone and aerobic threshold (r = 0,72- p = 0.04) (r = 0.77 - p = 0, 02), the training heart rate (r = -0.87 - p = 0.01) has very high negative correlation in the anaerobic threshold zone, obesity in overweight group no correlation was found. In conclusion women with normal weight oxygen saturation muscle measured with near-infrared spectroscopy noninvasive can be a good physiological parameter to schedule exercise in fatmax areas, aerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold, but in women with overweight and obesity are needed most studies.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04705

Referencias/references

Achten, J.; Gleeson, M., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2002). Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(1), 92-97.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200201000-00015

Alemán, J. A; Pilar Sainz., y Ortín, E. J. O. (2014). Guía para la prescripción de ejercicio físico en pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular SEH-LELHA.

American College of Sports Medicine. (2005). Manual ACSM para la valoración y prescripción del ejercicio Editorial Paidotribo.

Ara, I.; Larsen, S.; Stallknecht, B.; Guerra, B.; Morales-Alamo, D.; Andersen, J.; Ponce-González, J. G.; Guadalupe-Grau, A.; Galbo, H.; Calbet, J A L., & Helge, J. W. (2011). Normal mitochondrial function and increased fat oxidation capacity in leg and arm muscles in obese humans. International Journal of Obesity, 35(1), 99-108.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.123

Astorino, T. (2000). Is the ventilatory threshold coincident with maximal fat oxidation during submaximal exercise in women? Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 40(3), 209.

Belardinelli, R.; Georgiou, D.,  & Barstow, T. (1995). Near infrared spectroscopy and changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise in chronic heart failure: A comparison with healthy subjects. Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia, 25(6), 715-724.

Bellotti, C.; Calabria, E.; Capelli, C., & Pogliaghi, S. (2013). Determination of maximal lactate steady state in healthy adults: Can NIRS help. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45(6), 1208-1216.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182828ab2

Botero, J. P.; Prado, W. L.; Guerra, R. L.; Speretta, G. F.; Leite, R. D.; Prestes, J.; Adrian V. Lyon S.S.; Paulo H. S. M..; Vilmar, B.; Sergio E. A.; Ana, D., & Rozinaldo, G. da Silva. (2014). Does aerobic exercise intensity affect health‐related parameters in overweight women? Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 34(2), 138-142.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12076

Chicharro, J. L., & Vaquero, A. F. (2006). Fisiologa del ejercicio/Physiology of exercise Ed. Médica Panamericana.

Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2015). The importance of intensity in the prescription of health training. [La importancia de la intensidad en la prescripción de entrenamiento para la salud]. RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. 11(41), 192-195.
https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.041ed

Coquart, J.; Tourny-Chollet, C.; Lemaitre, F.; Lemaire, C.;  Grosbois, J., & Garcin, M. (2012). Relevance of the measure of perceived exertion for the rehabilitation of obese patients. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 55(9), 623-640.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2012.07.003

Croci, I.; Borrani, F.; Byrne, N.; Wood, R.; Hickman, I.; Cheneviere, X., & Malatesta, D. (2014). Reproducibility of fat max and fat oxidation rates during exercise in recreationally trained males. PloS One, 9(6), e97930.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097930

El Ferrol, A. M., y Coruña, A. (2006). El paciente con exceso de peso: Guía práctica de actuación en atención primaria. Revista Española de Obesidad, 4(1), 33-44.

Ferreira, S. S.; Pereira, J. L.; Alves, R. C.; Redkva, P. E.; Elsangedy, H. M.; Krinski, K., ... & Brasil, F. D. P. U. C. P. (2013). Are sedentary women able to self-select a walking intensity that corresponds to maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 16(2), 32-40

Giannakis, G.; Thunenkotter, T.; Weiler, B., & Urhausen, A. (2014). Ergometric performance and cardiovascular profile of obesity clinic patients. Bulletin De La Societe Des Sciences Medicales Du Grand-Duche De Luxembourg, 3(3), 7-24.

Goodpaster, B. H.; Wolfe, R. R., & Kelley, D. E. (2002). Effects of obesity on substrate utilization during exercise. Obesity Research, 10(7), 575-584.
https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.78

Halim, A. A. A.; Salikin, M. S.;  Rusop, M.; Laili, M. H.;  Aziz, N. A. M., & Laili, A. R. (2016, March). Evaluation of muscle oxygen consumption at regional level of fatigue using functional near infrared spectroscopy. In Photonics (ICP), 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/icp.2016.7510020

Hall, M. E.; do Carmo, J. M.; da Silva, A. A.;  Juncos, L. A.; Wang, Z., & Hall, J. E. (2014). Obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease, 7, 75-88.
https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S39739

Jentjens, R. L.; Wagenmakers, A. J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2002). Heat stress increases muscle glycogen use but reduces the oxidation of ingested carbohydrates during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 92(4), 1562-1572.
https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00482.2001

Jeukendrup, A. E., & Jentjens, R. (2000). Oxidation of carbohydrate feedings during prolonged exercise. Sports Medicine, 29(6), 407-424.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029060-00004

Kuznetsov, S. Y.; Popov, D.; Borovik, A., & Vinogradova, O. (2015). Determination of aerobic–anaerobic transition in the working muscle using EMG and near-infrared spectroscopy data. Human Physiology, 41(5), 548-552.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029060-00004

Luque, G. T.; García-Martos, M.; Gutiérrez, C. V., y Vallejo, N. G. (2010). Papel del ejercicio físico en la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad en adultos. Retos Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física Deporte Recreación, 18, 47-51.

Molinari, F.; Martis, R. J.; Acharya, U. R.; Meiburger, K. M.; De Luca, R.; Petraroli, G., & Liboni, W.(2015). Empirical mode decomposition analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy muscular signals to assess the effect of physical activity in type 2 diabetic patients. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 59, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.01.011

Nasseri, N.; Kleiser, S.; Ostojic, D.; Karen, T., & Wolf, M. (2016). Quantifying the effect of adipose tissue in muscle oximetry by near infrared spectroscopy. Biomedical Optics Express, 7(11), 4605-4619.
https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.7.004605

Niemeijer, V. M.; Spee, R. F.; Jansen, J. P.; Buskermolen, A. B.; Dijk, T.; Wijn, P. F., & Kemps H, M.(2015). Test–retest reliability of skeletal muscle oxygenation measurements during submaximal cycling exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, [Epub ahead of print].
https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12269

Orsi, J V.; Nahas, F. X.; Gomes, H. C.; Andrade, Carlos, H. V.; Veiga, D. F.; Novo, N. F., & Ferreira, L. M. (2008). Impact of obesity on the functional capacity of women. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira, 54(2), 106-109.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302008000200010

Perez-Martin, A.; Dumortier, M.;  Raynaud, E.;  Brun, J. F.; Fedou, C.;  Bringer, J., & Mercier, J. (2008). Balance of substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in lean and obese people. Diabetes Metab, 27(4), 466.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11547220

Rodriguez-Hernandez, H.; Simental-Mendia, L. E.; Rodriguez-Ramirez, G., & Reyes-Romero, M. A. (2013). Obesity and inflammation: Epidemiology, risk factors, and markers of inflammation. International Journal of Endocrinology,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678159

Rubio, M. A.; Salas-Salvadó, J.; Barbany, M.; Moreno, B.; Aranceta, J.; Bellido, D.; Blay, V.; Carraro, R.; Formiguera, X.; Foz, M.; Luis de Pablos, P.; Garcia-Luna, P.; Griera, J.; López de la torre, M.; Martínez, J. A.; Remesar, X.; Tebar, J.,  y Vidal, J. (2007). Consenso SEEDO 2007 para la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad y el establecimiento de criterios de intervención terapéutica. Revista Española de Obesidad, 5(3), 135-175.

Ryan, T. E.; Brizendine, J. T., & McCully, K. K. (2013). A comparison of exercise type and intensity on the noninvasive assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(2), 230-237.
https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01043.2012

Sekikawa, K.; Tabira, K.; Sekikawa, N.; Kawaguchi, K.; Takahashi, M.; Kuraoka, T.; Inamizu, T.,  & Onari, K. (2009). Muscle blood flow and oxygen utilization measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during handgrip exercise in chronic respiratory patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 21(3), 231-238.
https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.21.231

Skinner, J. S., & McLellan, T. H. (1980). The transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 51(1), 234-248.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1980.10609285

Snyder, A. C., & Parmenter, M. A. (2009). Using near-infrared spectroscopy to determine maximal steady state exercise intensity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 23(6), 1833-1840.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ad3362

Spires, J.; Lai, N.; Zhou, H., & Saidel, G. M. (2011). Hemoglobin and myoglobin contributions to skeletal muscle oxygenation in response to exercise. Oxygen transport to tissue XXXII (pp. 347-352) Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7756-4_47

Steimers, A; Vafiadou, M; Koukourakis, G; Geraskin, D; Neary, P; & Kohl-Bareis, M. (2016). Muscle oxygenation during running assessed by broad band NIRS. Oxygen transport to tissue XXXVII (pp. 41-47) Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_5

Takagi, S; Murase, N; Kime, R; Niwayama, M; Osada, T; & Katsumura, T. (2016). Aerobic training enhances muscle deoxygenation in early post-myocardial infarction. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(4), 673-685.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3326-x

Tan, S.; Wang, J.; Cao, L.; Guo, Z., & Wang, Y. (2014). Positive effect of exercise training at maximal fat oxidation intensity on body composition and lipid metabolism in overweight middle‐aged women. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 36, 225-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12217

Valkovic, L.; Chmelik, M.; Ukropcova, B.; Heckmann, T.; Bogner, W.; Frollo, I.; Tschan, H.; Krebs, M.; Bachl, N.; Ukropec, J.; Trattnig, S., & Krššáka, M. (2016). Skeletal muscle alkaline pi pool is decreased in overweight-to-obese sedentary subjects and relates to mitochondrial capacity and phosphodiester content. Scientific Reports, 6, 20087.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20087

van der Zwaard, S.; Jaspers, R. T.; Blokland, I. J.;  Achterberg, C.;  Visser, J. M.; Anne, R., ... & de Koning, J. J. (2016). Oxygenation Threshold Derived from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Reliability and Its Relationship with the First Ventilatory Threshold. PloS one, 11(9), e0162914.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162914

Zorgati, H.; Collomp, K.; Boone, J.; Guimard, A.; Buttelli, O.; Mucci, P.; Amiot,  & V; Prieur, F. (2015). Effect of pedaling cadence on muscle oxygenation during high-intensity cycling until exhaustion: A comparison between untrained subjects and triathletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(12), 2681-2689.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3235-4