La metodología de entrenamiento en fútbol ha evolucionado en gran medida en los últimos años, incluyendo tareas cada vez más específicas, y adquiriendo los juegos reducidos (JR) un protagonismo destacado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos sobre la condición física de jóvenes futbolistas de un programa de seis semanas basado en JR. Participaron 22 futbolistas de dos grupos de edad diferente: U16 (n= 11, edad: 15,8±0,3 años) y U18 (n= 11, edad: 18,5±0,5 años). Los jugadores fueron evaluados tanto al principio como al final de la intervención con las siguientes pruebas: salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), test de velocidad en 40m (V_40m) y test de resistencia University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT). Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas del pre- al post- test en el CMJ (ES=1,05±0,13, 100%,0%,0%), V_40m(ES=-0,29±0,15,0%,16%,84%) y UMTT (ES=0,30±0,20,79%,21%,0%) p<0,05). Con dichos resultados podemos concluir que un programa basado en JR, con una secuencia progresiva y con variedad en los formatos de juego en cuanto a dimensiones y número de jugadores por equipo, puede mantener y/o mejorar la condición física de los futbolistas. Una de las aplicaciones prácticas derivada del estudio es que los entrenadores pueden implementar JR para entrenar mediante tareas jugadas sin descuidar el aspecto condicional de los jugadores.

Abstract

Football training methodology has evolved greatly in recent years, including more increasingly specialized drills, with small-side games (SSG) taking on a prominent role. The objective of the current study was to analyze the effects that SSGs have on the physical condition of young football players during a six-week program. The study included 22 football players of two different age groups: U16 (n= 11, age: 15.8±0.3 years) and U18 (n= 11, age: 18.5±0.5 years). The participants were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the intervention with the following tests: counter-movement jump (CMJ), 40 m sprint speed test (V40m) and endurance test “University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT)”. The results showed significant improvements of the pre- to post- test on the CMJ (ES=1.05±0.13,100%,0%,0%), V40m (ES=-0.29±0.15,0%,16%,84%) and UMTT (ES=0.30±0.20,79%,21%,0%) p<0.05). With these results we can conclude that a program based on SSG, as well as progressive sequence and variety in the game formats in terms of the size and number of players on a team, can maintain and/or improve the physical condition of the players. One of the practical applications derived from the study is that the coaches can implement SSG to develop game tasks without neglecting the players’ physical condition.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.05004

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