Características del esfuerzo en competición en jugadoras de baloncesto de élite durante las fases finales de la Euroliga y el Campeonato del Mundo. [The competitive demands of elite female basketball during the play-offs of the Euroleague and World Championship].

Resumen

El objetivo principal del estudio fue definir las características del esfuerzo desde el punto de vista de la carga externa en jugadoras de baloncesto de alto nivel en dos competiciones: Euroliga femenina y Campeonato del Mundo. Para ello, se analizaron ocho partidos de las fases finales de ambas competiciones. Se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado de los patrones de movimiento de 96 jugadoras pertenecientes a ocho selecciones nacionales y a cinco equipos profesionales. Se utilizaron ocho categorías de actividad a la hora de clasificar las acciones y los desplazamientos en los partidos: parado/caminando, trote, carrera, sprint, salto y shuffle baja, media y alta intensidad. Se calculó el tiempo total en cancha, el tiempo real y el porcentaje de tiempo real respecto del tiempo total. Por otro lado se analizó la frecuencia y la duración media de cada actividad así como el porcentaje de tiempo real empleado en cada una de ellas. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la naturaleza híbrida del esfuerzo, en el que se alternan fases aeróbicas y anaeróbicas, predominando las primeras sobre las segundas. Se observa que los esfuerzos anaeróbicos son los que marcan la diferencia entre niveles competitivos y entre posiciones habituales de juego. Asimismo se observa que sólo las jugadoras en la posición de base presentan un perfil específico de esfuerzo que las diferencia de aleros y pívots.

Abstract

The main aim of the current study was to establish the competitive demands, in terms of external load, of elite female basketball players during the final phase of Euroleague and World Championship. Eight matches corresponding to the play-offs of these competitions were analyzed. A detailed analysis of the movement patterns of 96 players was performed. Eight categories were employed to classify the movements: stand/walk, jog, run, stride/sprint, low shuffle, medium shuffle, high shuffle and jump. Total time in court, live time and percentage of live time over total time were calculated. On the other hand, the frequency and the mean duration of each movement category were also measured. Results illustrate the intermittent nature of female basketball. The majority of time appears to be devoted to activities more aerobic in nature, and only a small percentage of time is spent engaged in high-intensity activity. However, anaerobic capacity seems to be a better predictor of basketball performance. On the other hand, only guards seem to have a specific movement pattern different from that of centers or forwards.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2013.03405

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