La cafeína es una de las sustancias ergogénicas más consumidas en el deporte, debido a sus propiedades estimulantes sobre el sistema nervioso central mejorando el rendimiento deportivo y disminuyendo la fatiga muscular. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto agudo de la cafeína sobre el tiempo de reacción y actividad muscular del músculo cuádriceps en una patada circular Dollyo Chagi en taekwondistas. Métodos: 13 taekwondistas ingirieron 5 mg·kg^-1 de cafeína o placebo. El tiempo de reacción y la actividad muscular se midieron 60 min previo a la ingesta de cafeína o placebo, 60 min después de la ingesta y posterior a un estímulo fatigante. Se utilizó electromiografía (EMG) de superficie para medir la amplitud de la señal EMG y el tiempo de reacción en el musculo recto femoral, vasto lateral, vasto medial y bíceps femoral durante la ejecución de una patada circular asociada a un estímulo sonoro. Resultados: La ingesta de cafeína redujo un 29% el tiempo de reacción en el musculo recto femoral 60 min después de la ingesta (P<0,05) y tan solo un 5.5% después del estímulo fatigante (P>0,05). No se encontró disminución del tiempo de reacción en otros músculos evaluados. No se observaron cambios en la amplitud EMG en ninguna de las condiciones. Conclusión: La suplementación con cafeína mejoraría el tiempo de reacción de una patada circular Dollyo Chagi antes y después de un estímulo fatigante en taekwondistas.

Abstract

Caffeine is considered an enhancing aid and most consumed in sports, mainly due to its stimulant properties on the central nervous system, improving athletic performance and decreasing muscle fatigue. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of caffeine on the reaction time and muscle activity of a Dollyo Chagi kick in taekwondo fighters. Methods: Thirteen taekwondo fighters ingested either 5 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo. Reaction time and muscle activity were measured 60 min before the intake of caffeine or placebo, 60 min after ingestion and after a fatigue stimuli. Surface electromyogram (sEMG) amplitude, and time of reaction of the muscles rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and biceps femoris during a circular kick related to a sound stimulus were measured. Results: Caffeine ingestion decreased the reaction time of the rectus femoris muscle 60-minutes after ingestion of caffeine and after strenuous stimulation (P<0.05). No significant decrease in reaction time was observed in other muscles. Furthermore, no changes in muscles activity in any other muscles were found. Conclusion: Caffeine supplementation in taekwondo athletes could reduce the reaction time of a Dollyo Chagi round kick after 60 minutes of ingestion and after a fatigue stimuli.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04704

Referencias/references

Bazzucchi, I.; Felici, F.; Montini, M.; Figura, F.; & Sacchetti, M. (2011). Caffeine improves neuromuscular function during maximal dynamic exercise. Muscle & Nerve, 43(6), 839-844.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.21995

Bishop, D. (2010). Dietary supplements and team-sport performance. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 995-1017.
https://doi.org/10.2165/11536870-000000000-00000

Bortolotti, H.; Altimari, L.; Vitor-Costa, M.; & Cyrino, E. (2014). Performance during a 20-km cycling time-trial after caffeine ingestion. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 11(45), 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0045-8

Bosco, C.; Luhtanen, P.; & Komi, P. (1983). A Simple Method for Measurement of Mechanical Power in Jumping. European Journal Applied Physiology Occupational Physiology, 50(2), 273-282.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422166

Burke, L. (2008). Caffeine and sports performance.  Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 33(6), 1319-1334.
https://doi.org/10.1139/H08-130

Doherty, M., & Smith, P. (2004). Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Exercise Testing: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition & Exercise Metabolism, 14(6), 626-646.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.6.626

Falco, C.; Alvarez, O.; Castillo, I.; Estevan, I.; Martos, J.; Mugarra, F. & Iradi A. (2009). Influence of the distance in a roundhouse kick's execution time and impact force in Taekwondo. Journal of Biomechanics 42(3), 242–248.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.10.041

Foskett, A.; Ali, A., & Gant, N. (2009). Caffeine enhances cognitive function and skill performance during simulated soccer activity. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 19(4), 410-423.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.4.410

Fredholm, B.; Bättig, K.; Holmén, J.; Nehlig, A., & Zvartau, E. (1999). Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacological Reviews, 51(1), 83-133.

Glaister, M.; Howatson, G.; Abraham, C.; Lockey, R.; Goodwin, J.; Foley, P., & McInnes G. (2008). Caffeine supplementation and multiple sprint running performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,10(40), 1835-1840
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.4.410

Goldstein, E.; Ziegenfuss, T.; Kalman, D.; Kreider, R.; Campbell, B.; Wilborn, C.; Taylor L.; Willoughby D.; Stout J.; Graves BS.; Wildman R.; Ivy JL.; Spano M.; Smith AE., & Antonio J.; (2010). International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance.  International Society of Sports Nutrition, 7(5), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-5

Green, J.; Wickwire, P.; McLester, J.; Gendle, S.; Hudson, R.; Pritchett, R., & Laurent CM. (2007). Effects of caffeine on repetitions to failure and ratings of perceived exertion during resistance training. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2, 250–259.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.3.250

Greer, F.; Morales, J., & Coles, M. (2006). Wingate performance and surface EMG frequency variables are not affected by caffeine ingestion. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 31(5), 597–603.
https://doi.org/10.1139/h06-030

Heckman, M.; Weil, J., & Gonzalez de Mejia, E. (2010). Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) in Foods: A Comprehensive Review on Consumption, Functionality, Safety, and Regulatory Matters. Journal of food science, 75(3), R77-87.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01561.x

Jeukendrup, A., & Gleeson, M. (2009). Sport nutrition: an introduction to energy production and performance. En A. Jeukendrup, & M. Gleeson, Sport nutrition: an introduction to energy production and performance. Human Kinetics.

Jin Yoo H.; Hoon Choi, G.; Gyoon Lee, M.; Kyun Kang, C., & Park, H. (2014). Verification of efficacy as an ergogenic aid and safety in doping of sibjeondaebo-tang. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 18(2), 189–195.
https://doi.org/10.5717/jenb.2014.18.2.189

Kalmar, J. (2005). The Influence of Caffeine on Voluntary Muscle Activation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 37 (12), 2113-2119.
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000178219.18086.9e

Kalmar, J., & Cafarelli, E. (1999). Effects of caffeine on neuromuscular function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(2), 801-8.

Matsushige, K.; Hartmann, T., & Franchini, E. (2009). Taekwondo: Physiological responses and match analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1112 – 1117.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a3c597

Mujika, I., & Burke, L. (2011). Nutrition in team sports. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 57(2), 26–35.

O'Rourke, M.; O'Brien, B.; Knez, W., & Paton, C. (2008). Caffeine has a small effect on 5-km running performance of well-trained and recreational runners. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(2), 231-233.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.118

Papadopoulos, E.; Nikolopoulos, C., & Athanasopoulos, S. (2008). The effect of different skin-ankle brace application pressures with and without shoes on single-limb balance, electromyographic activation onset and peroneal reaction time of lower limb muscles. Foot (Edinburgh, Scotland), 18(4), 228-236.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2008.06.003

Pérez-Tejero, J.; Soto-Rey, J., y Rojo-González, J. (2011). Estudio del tiempo de reacción ante estímulos sonoros y visuales. Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 27, 149-162.

Reissig, C.; Strain, E., & Griffiths, R. (2009). Caffeinated energy drinks: a growing problem. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99(1-3), 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.001

Roberts, S.; Stokes, K.; Trewartha, G., & Doyle, J. (2010). Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine ingestion on performance during a rugby union simulation protocol. Journal of Sports Science, 28(8), 833-842.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.484069

Santos, V.; Franchini, E.; Lima-Silva , AE. (2011). Relationship between attack and skipping in Taekwondo contests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1743-1751.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddfb0f

Santos, V.; Santos, V.; Felippe, L.; Almeida, J.; Bertuzzi, R.; Kiss, M., & Lima-Silva, A. (2014). Caffeine Reduces Reaction Time and Improves Performance in Simulated-Contest of Taekwondo. Nutrients, 6(2), 637-649.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6020637

Schneiker, K.; Bishop, D.; Dawson, B., & Hackett, L. (2006). Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team-sport athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(3), 578-585.
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000188449.18968.62

Simmonds; M.; Minahan, C., & Sabapathy, S. (2010). Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. European journal of applied physiology, 109(2), 287-295.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1351-8

Sokmen, B.; Armstrong, L.; Kraemer, W., & Casa, D. (2008). Caffeine use in sports: Considetarions for the athlete. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 978–986.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181660cec

Souissi, M.; Abedelmalek, S.; Chtourou, H.; Atheymen, R.; Hakim, A., & Sahnoun, Z. (2012). Effects of morning caffeine' ingestion on mood States, simple reaction time, and short-term maximal performance on elite judoists. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine,  3(3), 161-168.
https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34607

Spriet, L. (2014). Exercise and Sport Performance with Low Doses of Caffeine. Sports Medicine, 44(2), 175-184.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8

Stuart, G.; Hopkins, W.; Cook, C., & Cairns, S. (2005). Multiple effects of caffeine on simulated high-intensity team-sport performance. Medicine and Science and Sports and Exercise, 37(11), 1998-2005.
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000177216.21847.8a

Tarnopolsky, M., & Cupido, C. (2000). Caffeine potentiates low frequency skeletal muscle force in habitual and nonhabitual caffeine consumers. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89(5), 1719-1724.

Thibordee, S., & Prasartwuth, O. (2014). Effectiveness of roundhouse kick in elite Taekwondo athletes. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 24(3), 353-358.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.02.002

Villani, R.; De Petrillo, D; & Distaso, M. (2007, Julio). Influence of four different methods of training on the specific rapidity of taekwondo. Poster presentando en el XII° Congreso Anual del European College of Sports Science, Finlandia.

Wiles, J.; Coleman, D.; Tegerdine, M., & Swaine, I. (2006). The effects of caffeine ingestion on performance time, speed and power during a laboratory-based 1 km cycling time-trial. Journal of Sports Science, 24(11), 1165-1171.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500457687