Análisis de la influencia de las zapatillas de clavos en el rendimiento de una prueba de 40 m en mujeres velocistas. [Analysis of spikes shoe´s effects on the sprint performance of women sprinters].

Resumen

Los objetivos de este trabajo han sido cuantificar el efecto del uso de zapatillas de clavos en el rendimiento de una carrera de 40 m en mujeres velocistas, segregando el efecto de los clavos y del peso, y la influencia de este tipo de calzado en los parámetros biomecánicos de la carrera. Participaron 9 mujeres velocistas de nivel regional y nacional, que realizaron tres carreras de 40 m usando aleatoriamente tres tipos de zapatillas (clavos, clavos lastradas y running). Los resultados mostraron que el rendimiento mejoró un 1.8% con las zapatillas de clavos respecto de las de running, de los cuales un 1.2% se debía a los clavos y un 0.6% a la diferencia de peso. Analizando las variables biomecánicas se vio que la frecuencia de zancada fue constante, la amplitud de zancada mostró una tendencia a aumentar, debido al efecto de los clavos, y el tiempo de contacto disminuyó, por un efecto combinado de los clavos y el peso. En conclusión, el rendimiento en la carrera de 40 m mejoró  al utilizar zapatillas de clavos respecto a las de running, debiéndose un tercio de la mejora a la diferencia de peso, y el resto posiblemente a la amortiguación, rigidez y tracción (dos tercios). Futuros trabajos deben intentar separar el efecto de estas tres variables.

Abstract

The purposes were to analyze the shoes spikes’ effects on the performance of women sprinters, separating between both spike and weight effects, and to analyze the influence of this type of footwear on biomechanical parameters of running. Nine female sprinters of regional and national levels participated. They performed three 40 m sprints, using three different types of footwear (spikes, weighted spikes and running shoes) in a randomized order. The performance improved 1.8% using spikes with respect to running shoes, which 1.2% was due to the spikes and 0.6% was due to the weight effects. Analyzing the biomechanical variables, the step rate remains constant while the step length increased due to the spikes’ effect, and the contact time decrease due to a combined effect of the spikes and the weight. In conclusion, the performance of women sprinters improved about 2% with spikes shoes with respect to running shoes. One third of this improvement was due to the weight effect, and two third to the spikes effect. Future studies must try to identify the individual effect of these three variables.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04906

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