El principal objeto de este estudio fue analizar los cambios plasmáticos de biomarcadores obtenidos en jugadores profesionales de fútbol de Argentina (n= 22) durante la fase preparatoria (E1 y E2) y posteriormente en las seis semanas de la fase competitiva (E3). La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos de 11 jugadores: titulares (aquellos que intervinieron en las primeras siete fechas oficiales) y suplentes (aquellos que jugaron como suplentes). Se analizaron los niveles de creatinquinasa (CK), lactato de hidrogenasa (LDH), testosterona libre (TL) y cortisol (C) en plasma como biomarcadores. El índice testosterona-cortisol (T/C) fue calculado y tenido en cuenta como otro indicador del balance metabólico. Al realizar la comparación entre los dos grupos de análisis, no se han observado diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre E1-E2. La diferencia más relevante se presenta durante el período competitivo: en los suplentes la CK no aumenta, la TL y el índice T/C se incrementaron (E3>E2; p<0,05), mientras que la LDH disminuyó (E3<E2; p<0,05). En conclusión, no se han obtenido diferencias significativas entre grupos para E1-E2. Se describe un punto de inflexión para los dos grupos durante el período competitivo: el hecho de que el grupo suplentes prácticamente no interviniera en el transcurso de los partidos ha determinado que los biomarcadores que se relacionan con el daño celular en el musculo no se vieran afectados, mientras que el incremento de la TL y el T/C estarían revelando un balance positivo entre los procesos anabólicos-catabólicos durante el transcurso del período analizado.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze changes of stress-related biochemical markers in Argentine professional soccer players (n = 22) at 3 timepoints during the soccer season: beginning of preseason (E1), beginning of season (E2), and after 6 weeks of competitive season (E3).  The sample of players was divided in two groups of 11: starters players during the first seven matches of the season, and substitute players. Concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), lactic-acid dehydrogenase (LDH), testosterone (TL) and cortisol (C) were assayed in serum samples, and testosterone-cortisol ratio (T/C) was also calculated. We observed no significant differences between both groups during preseason (E1-E2), but a higher in-season level of TL and T/C (E3>E2; p< 0.05) was observed in non-starter players.  Besides, a decrement of LDH values were determined in this group during the season (E3<E2; p< 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that soccer players face no significant difference between both groups during preseason, but significant difference in biomarkers of physiologic strain and hormonal stress-related parameters during the season suggest a positive balance in non-starters players.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04902

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