La electroestimulación de cuerpo completo (WB-EMS) es una metodología de entrenamiento novedosa cuyo efecto sobre la composición corporal no ha sido estudiado en profundidad en población joven y físicamente activa. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS sobre la composición corporal, medida a través del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), masa grasa (MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en corredores recreacionales entrenados durante un periodo de cese parcial en su entrenamiento convencional y comparar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS, funcional y periodizado para corredores vs no funcional y no periodizado sobre el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO. Participaron un total de 18 corredores recreacionales sanos (27,1 años; IMC= 23,2 Kg/m2). Los sujetos se distribuyeron al azar en tres grupos: (i) entrenamiento WB-EMS funcional y periodizado para corredores, (ii) entrenamiento WB-EMS no funcional y no periodizado, y (iii) grupo control. La composición corporal se analizó por antropometría y bioimpedanciometría eléctrica determinándose el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que el entrenamiento con WB-EMS (independientemente de la modalidad) produjo descensos significativos en IMC y MG (P<0,05), experimentándose una tendencia en términos de mejora de MLG sólo en el grupo WB-EMS funcional (P=0,053) al comparar con el grupo control, no observándose cambios en DMO. Por lo tanto podemos concluir que un programa de entrenamiento WB-EMS produce mejoras significativas en la composición corporal en corredores recreacionales entrenados, específicamente en IMC y MG, y clínicamente relevantes en MLG únicamente en el grupo WB-EMS funcional.

Abstract

Whole-Body-Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has become a new training tendency but its effect on body composition has not been thoroughly studied in young trained population. The principal aim of this study was to determine the effect of two types of WB-EMS training modalities (specific, functional and periodized for runners vs non-specific, non-functional and non-periodized on body composition variables, as body mass index (BMI) fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral density (BMD) in recreational trained runners during endurance training cessation and to compare the effects of two WB-EMS training modalities, functional vs non-functional on BMI, FM, FFM and BMI. 18 healthy recreational runners (27.1 years; BMI= 23.2 Kg/m2) were randomized in three groups: (i) functional WB-EMS, (ii) non-functional WB-EMS and (iii) control group. Body composition parameters were assessed by anthropometry and bio-impedance and the variables measured were BMI, FM, FFM and BMD.  Both WB-EMS modalities produced a significant decreases in BMI and FM (p<0.05) and it was shown a tendency in terms of FFM improvements only in functional WB-EMS group when compared with control group (P=0.053). No changes were observed in BMD in any cases. Therefore, 6-week-WB-EMS training program produced significant improvements on body composition in recreational trained runners, specifically on BMI and FM. Clinically but not significantly improvements were also observed on FFM only in functional WB-EMS group.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2018.05302

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