Impact of different judo rules: analysis of scores and penalties in Paris Grand Slam Championships. [Impacto de las diferentes reglas de judo: análisis de puntuaciones y penalizaciones en los Campeonatos de Grand Slam de París].

Resumen

Abstract

In the last two decades, the International Judo Federation (IJF) has been implementing a series of changes in its official rules, in order to improve efficiency and achieve more dynamism in judo combat. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the effects of judo rule changes proposed by IJF in three periods (2011, 2016 and 2017), considering the scores and penalties in the Grand Slam Paris (GSP). The values of the scores (yuko, wazari and ippon) and the penalties (shido) were relativized by the total number of matches. The normality of data was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test (or t-test when necessary) were used to compare the scores, penalties and the efficiency index among GSP₂₀₁₁, GSP₂₀₁₆ and GSP₂₀₁₇. The significance level was set at p< 0.05.The results indicated that GSP₂₀₁₆ presented higher incidence of penalties in the general male teams and lower number of yuko score compared to the GSP₂₀₁₁ and GSP₂₀₁₇, while the GSP₂₀₁₁ showed higher efficiency in the female teams (general and medalists). Ippon was the score that determined the outcome of the matches in GSP₂₀₁₁ and GSP₂₀₁₇ particularly for male medalist teams. We conclude that the rule changes in the GSP₂₀₁₆ deviated from the IJF objectives compared to GSP₂₀₁₁ and GSP₂₀₁₇, considering the greater importance of scores than punishments.

Resumen

En las últimas dos décadas, la Federación Internacional de Judo (IJF) ha estado implementando una serie de cambios en sus reglas oficiales, con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia y lograr más dinamismo en el combate de judo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar los efectos de los cambios en las normas de judo propuestas por IJF en tres períodos (2011, 2016 y 2017) teniendo en cuenta las puntuaciones y penalizaciones en el Grand Slam de París (GSP). Los valores de las puntuaciones (yuko, wazari e ippon) y las penalizaciones (shido) se relativizaron por el número total de combates. La normalidad de los datos se evaluó mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. El análisis de varianza de dos vías y la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni (o prueba t-test cuando fue necesario) se usaron para comparar las puntuaciones, las penalizaciones y el índice de eficiencia entre GSP₂₀₁₁, GSP₂₀₁₆ y GSP₂₀₁₇. El nivel de significancia se estableció en p< 0,05. Los resultados indicaron que GSP₂₀₁₆ presentó una mayor incidencia de penalizaciones en los equipos masculinos generales y un menor número de puntajes de yuko en comparación con el GSP₂₀₁₁ y GSP₂₀₁₇. Mientras que el GSP₂₀₁₁ mostró una mayor eficiencia en los equipos femeninos (general y medallistas). Ippon fue la puntuación que determinó el resultado de los combates en GSP₂₀₁₁ y GSP₂₀₁₇, especialmente para los equipos de medallistas masculinos. Concluimos que los cambios en la norma en el GSP₂₀₁₆ se desviaron de los objetivos de IJF en comparación con GSP₂₀₁₁ y GSP₂₀₁₇, considerando la mayor importancia de las puntuaciones que las penalizaciones.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2018.05404

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