En el alto nivel la detección del riesgo de lesión resulta crucial para alcanzar el éxito deportivo. Para ello, los equipos técnicos suelen buscar herramientas sencillas, económicas y que doten de mucha información, tales como los tests funcionales y registros de lesiones. Por lo tanto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir tanto las lesiones previas como las compensaciones manifestadas por jugadoras de fútbol en patrones básicos de movimiento, así como analizar la relación entre estas lesiones y los patrones motores fundamentales analizados. En este estudio de cohortes retrospectivo participaron 16 jugadoras de fútbol de segunda división [Edad: 22±4,11 años; práctica federada: 10±4,49 años]. Se evaluaron los patrones motores básicos mediante la Valoración Funcional Básica (VAFB) y se cumplimentó un cuestionario sobre las lesiones de la temporada anterior. Nueve jugadoras (56,25%) sufrieron alguna lesión, de entre las cuales ocho (88,89%) se localizaron en el miembro inferior y la mayoría de lesiones se produjeron por sobreuso, sin contacto (n=7). Los porcentajes medios de compensaciones y asimetrías en la VAFB fueron de 65,79%±11,80 y 15,30%±4,82, respectivamente. Los resultados de la valoración funcional fueron ligeramente mejores para las jugadoras que no sufrieron lesión, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas [t=-,605; p=,555]. Los resultados de la VAFB podrían ser empleados en el diseño de programas preventivos individualizados en fútbol femenino.

Abstract

At the high level, the detection of the risk of injury is crucial for sporting success. For this purpose, technical teams often look for simple, economical and informative tools, such as functional tests and injury records. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to describe both the previous injuries and the compensations expressed by female football players in basic movement patterns, as well as to analyse the relationship between these injuries and the fundamental motor patterns analysed. This retrospective cohort study involved 16 second division female football players [Age: 22±4.11 years; federated practice: 10±4.49 years]. Basic motor patterns were evaluated using Basic Functional Assessment (BAFA) and a questionnaire on injuries from the previous season was completed. Nine players (56.25%) suffered some injury, among which eight (88.89%) were located in the lower limb and the majority of injuries were caused by overuse, without contact (n=7). The mean percentages of compensations and asymmetries in the VAFB were 65.79%±11.80 and 15.30%±4.82, respectively. Functional assessment results were slightly better for players who did not suffer injury, although the differences were not significant [t=-,605; p=,555]. The results of the VAFB could be used in the design of individualized preventive programs in women's soccer.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06007

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