Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de cuatro protocolos de activación pre-competición basados en contracciones excéntricas sobre el tiempo en 25-m de estilo libre en natación. Diez nadadores (20,8 ± 4,7 años de edad; 175,2 ± 9,3 cm de altura; 66,4 ± 10,4 kg de peso) que competían en categoría nacional participaron en el estudio. Los nadadores realizaron un calentamiento general (GEN), uno de competición (COM) sin incluir estímulos de potenciación post-activación (PAP) y tres que incluyeron al finalizar COM (e.g., tres minutos después) seis contracciones excéntricas de la musculatura de miembros inferiores (INF), superiores (SUP) o ambas (MIX), realizadas con dispositivo inercial kBox-2 Exxcentrics. Los resultados indicaron mejoras del tiempo en 25-m en estilo libre (T25EL) después de COM (tamaño del efecto [TE]: -2,41), SUP (TE: -2,31), INF (TE: -2,18) y MIX (TE: -2,30) respecto a GEN. No se obtuvieron cambios en T25EL al comparar COM, SUP, INF y MIX. En conclusión, protocolos de activación con (e.g., INF, SUP y MIX) o sin (e.g., COM) PAP mejoran T25EL, sin obtener efectos positivos sobre el rendimiento en función del grupo muscular estimulado.

Abstract

The aim of the present research was to analyze the effect of four pre-competition activation protocols based on eccentric contractions on time in 25-m freestyle swimming. Ten swimmers (20.8 ± 4.7 years old; 175.2 ± 9.3 cm in height; 66.4 ± 10.4 kg in weight) of national level participated in the study. The swimmers performed a general warm-up (GEN), a competition warm-up (COM) without including post-activation potentiation stimuli (PAP) and three that included (i.e., three minutes later) six eccentric contractions of the lower (INF), superior (SUP) or mixted limb musculature (MIX), made with inertial device kBox-2 Exxcentrics. The results indicated improvements in 25-m time in freestyle (T25EL) after COM (effect size [ES]: -2.41), SUP (ES: -2.31), INF (ES: -2, 18) and MIX (ES: -2.30) with respect to GEN. No changes in T25EL were obtained when comparing COM, SUP, INF and MIX. In conclusion, activation protocols with (e.g., INF, SUP and MIX) or without (e.g., COM) PAP improve T25EL, but without obtaining positive effects on performance depending on the stimulated muscle group.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06203

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