Resumen

El objetivo fue analizar el efecto de la edad sobre las demandas físicas y fisiológicas de juegos reducidos con diferente espacio individual de interacción. Treinta jugadores de edad sub-12 (U12: n=10; edad, 11.2 ± 0.8 años; altura, 145.4 ± 6.4cm; masa corporal, 37.5 ± 3.9 kg), sub-14 (U14: n=10; edad, 13.5 ± 0.6 años; altura, 163.7 ± 5.9 cm; masa corporal, 51.5 ± 6.2 kg) y sub-16 (U16: n=10; edad, 15.8 ± 0.4 años; altura, 172.8 ± 7.3 cm; masa corporal, 61.2 ± 9.3 kg) participaron en el estudio. Se analizaron juegos reducidos (JR) de 5 vs 5, realizados con espacio de interacción individual (EII) pequeño = 50 m² (JRp), medio = 100m² (JRm) y grande = 150 m² (JRg). La demanda física se obtuvo con GPS registrando la distancia recorrida, la carga neuromuscular y el desplazamiento en rangos de velocidad. La carga fisiológica se obtuvo con 3 zonas de intensidad a partir de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima (FCmax): Z1 < 80% FCmax, Z2 = 80-90% FCmax y Z3 > 90% FCmax. Los U12 recorrieron significativamente menos distancia que U14 (p < 0.05) y los U16 (p < 0.05) en todos los formatos. En JRm el desplazamiento a alta velocidad fue significativamente mayor en U16 que en U14 (p = 0.000) y U12 (p =0.000). En U12 a medida que el EII era mayor se incrementaban de forma significativa Z3 (JRp vs JRm: p = 0.001; JRp vs JRg: p = 0.001; JRm vs JRg: p = 0.000). El EII provoca un estímulo diferente en los futbolistas según la edad. 

Abstract

The aim was to analyze the effect of age on the physical and physiological demands of small games with different individual interaction spaces. Thirty players under-12 (U12: n=10; age, 11.2 ± 0.8 years; height, 145.4 ± 6.4 cm; body mass, 37.5 ± 3.9 kg), under-14 (U14: n=10; age, 13.5 ± 0.6 years; height, 163.7 v 5.9 cm; body mass, 51.5 ± 6.2 kg) and under-16 (U16: n=10; age, 15.8 ± 0.4 years; height, 172.8 ± 7.3 cm; body mass, 61.2 ± 9.3 kg) participated in the study. Sided games (SG) of 5 vs 5 with individual interaction space (IIS) small = 50 m² (SGs), medium = 100 m² (SGm) and large = 150 m² (SGl) were performed. The physical demand was obtained with GPS recording the total distance, the neuromuscular load and the distance in speed ranges. The physiological load was obtained with 3 intensity zones from the maximum heart rate (HRmax): Z1 < 80% HRmax, Z2 = 80-90% HRmax and Z3 > 90% HRmax. The U12 covered significantly less distance than U14 (p < 0.05) and the U16 (p < 0.05) in all formats. In SGm the distance at high speed was significantly greater in U16 than in U14 (p = 0.000) and U12 (p = 0.000). In U12, a higher IIS corresponds to a significant increase in Z3 (SGs vs SGm: p = 0.001; SGs vs SGl: p = 0.001; SGm vs SGl: p = 0.000). The IIS causes a different stimulus in soccer players according to age.

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