El entrenamiento con cargas es una actividad anaeróbica glucolítica intensa y se ha comprobado que el error en las estimaciones del gasto energético en esta actividad varía entre un 13 y un 30%. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es describir la contribución anaeróbica de energía en un circuito con cargas. Doce hombres (20-26 años) y diecisiete mujeres (18-29 años) estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte realizaron un entrenamiento en circuito de cargas a 6 intensidades diferentes (entre el 30% y 80% de su 15RM). Durante la totalidad de los circuitos se registró el gasto energético aeróbico por calorimetría indirecta, la frecuencia cardiaca con pulsómetro Polar® y la concentración de lactato en sangre capilar para medir la contribución anaeróbica. El incremento que produjo la energía anaeróbica se situó entre el 5,1% y un máximo del 13,5%, lo que hace evidente que medir o no la contribución anaeróbica en el entrenamiento en circuito puede provocar un error medio del 9,65%. Existen diferencias significativas (P< 0,05) entre el gasto energético aeróbico y total (aeróbico+anaeróbico) en todas las intensidades, en un circuito de entrenamiento con cargas a intensidades progresivas.

Palabras clave: entrenamiento con cargas; gasto energético; lactato; circuito.

Abstract

Resistance training is an intense anaerobic glycolytic activity and has been shown that estimates of energy expenditure in this activity turn out into an error that varies between 13 and 30%. The main aim of this paper is to describe the anaerobic energy contribution in  circuit weight training. Twelve men (20-26 years) and seventeen women (18-29 years) students in Science of Physical Activity and Sport performed circuit training at six different intensities (between 30% and 80% of 15RM). During all the circuits aerobic energy expenditure was registered by indirect calorimetry, heart rate with Polar® monitors and lactate concentration in capillary blood to measure the anaerobic contribution. The increased due to anaerobic energy was between 5,1% and a maximum of 13,5%, which clearly means that to measure or not the anaerobic contribution in circuit training can lead to an average error of 9,65%. There are significant differences (P <0,05) between aerobic energy expenditure and total (aerobic+anaerobic) at all the intensities, in a circuit weight training with progressive loads.

Key words: resistance training; energy expenditure; lactate; circuit.

doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.02402

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Referencias/references

Ainsworth, B. E.; Haskell, W. L.; Whitt, M. C.; Irwin, M. L.; Swartz, A. M.; Strath, S. J., y col. (2000). Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32(9 Suppl), S498-504.
doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009

Benito, P. J.; Alvarez, M.; Diaz, V.; Peinado, A. B.; & Calderón, F. J. (2010). Aerobic energy expenditure and intesity prediction during a specific circuit weight training: A pilot study. J Hum Sport Exerc, 5(2), 134-145.
doi:10.4100/jhse.2010.52.04

Benito, P. J.; Calderón, F. J.; García-Zapico, A., y Peinado, A. B. (2005). Validez, fiabilidad y reproducibilidad de un test incremental en rampa en personas físicamente activas. Rev. int. cienc. deporte, 1(1), 46-63.
doi:10.5232/ricyde2005.00104

Binzen, C. A.; Swan, P. D.; & Manore, M. M. (2001). Postexercise oxygen consumption and substrate use after resistance exercise in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(6), 932-938.
doi:10.1097/00005768-200106000-00012
PMid:11404658

Borsheim, E., & Bahr, R. (2003). Effect of exercise intensity, duration and mode on post-exercise oxygen consumption. Sports Med, 33(14), 1037-1060.
doi:10.2165/00007256-200333140-00002

Bouchard, D. R.; Soucy, L.; Senechal, M.; Dionne, I. J., & Brochu, M. (2009). Impact of resistance training with or without caloric restriction on physical capacity in obese older women. Menopause, 16(1), 66-72.
doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31817dacf7
PMid:18779759

Braun, W. A.; Hawthorne, W. E., & Markofski, M. M. (2005). Acute EPOC response in women to circuit training and treadmill exercise of matched oxygen consumption. Eur J Appl Physiol, 94(5-6), 500-504.
doi:10.1007/s00421-005-1383-7
PMid:15942765

Brochu, M.; Malita, M. F.; Messier, V.; Doucet, E.; Strychar, I.; Lavoie, J. M., y col. (2009). Resistance training does not contribute to improving the metabolic profile after a 6-month weight loss program in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94(9), 3226-3233.
doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2706

Camargo, M. D.; Stein, R.; Ribeiro, J. P.; Schvartzman, P. R.; Rizzatti, M. O., & Schaan, B. D. (2008). Circuit weight training and cardiac morphology: a trial with magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Sports Med, 42(2), 141-145.
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.038281
PMid:17586582

Castellani, J. W.; Delany, J. P.; O'Brien, C.; Hoyt, R. W.; Santee, W. R., & Young, A. J. (2006). Energy expenditure in men and women during 54 h of exercise and caloric deprivation. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 38(5), 894-900.
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000218122.59968.eb

Davidson, L. E.; Hudson, R.; Kilpatrick, K.; Kuk, J. L.; McMillan, K.; Janiszewski, P. M., y col. (2009). Effects of Exercise Modality on Insulin Resistance and Functional Limitation in Older Adults A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169(2), 122-131.
doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.558
PMid:19171808

Del Corral, P.; Chandler-Laney, P. C.; Casazza, K.; Gower, B. A., & Hunter, G. R. (2009). Effect of dietary adherence with or without exercise on weight loss: a mechanistic approach to a global problem. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94(5), 1602-1607.
doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1057

Delius, W.; Hagbarth, K. E.; Hongell, A., & Wallin, B. G. (1972). Manoeuvres affecting sympathetic outflow in human muscle nerves. Acta Physiol Scand, 84(1), 82-94.
doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1972.tb05158.x
PMid:5029386

Glenmark, B. (1994). Skeletal muscle fibre types, physical performance, physical activity and attitude to physical activity in women and men. A follow-up from age 16 to 27. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl, 623, 1-47.
PMid:7942046

Gotshalk, L. A.; Berger, R. A., & Kraemer, W. J. (2004). Cardiovascular responses to a high-volume continuous circuit resistance training protocol. J Strength Cond Res, 18(4), 760-764.
PMid:15574103

Hunter, G. R.; Bryan, D. R.; Wetzstein, C. J.; Zuckerman, P. A., & Bamman, M. M. (2002). Resistance training and intra-abdominal adipose tissue in older men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34(6), 1023-1028.
doi:10.1097/00005768-200206000-00019

Hunter, G. R.; Byrne, N. M.; Sirikul, B.; Fernandez, J. R.; Zuckerman, P. A.; Darnell, B. E., y col. (2008). Resistance training conserves fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure following weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16(5), 1045-1051.
doi:10.1038/oby.2008.38
PMid:18356845

Hunter, G. R.; McCarthy, J. P., & Bamman, M. M. (2004). Effects of resistance training on older adults. Sports Med, 34(5), 329-348.
doi:10.2165/00007256-200434050-00005
PMid:15107011

Hunter, G. R.; Seelhorst, D., & Snyder, S. (2003). Comparison of metabolic and heart rate responses to super slow vs. traditional resistance training. J Strength Cond Res, 17(1), 76-81.
PMid:12580660

Hunter, G. R.; Wetzstein, C. J.; Fields, D. A.; Brown, A., & Bamman, M. M. (2000). Resistance training increases total energy expenditure and free-living physical activity in older adults. J Appl Physiol, 89(3), 977-984.
PMid:10956341

Ibanez, J.; Izquierdo, M.; Arguelles, I.; Forga, L.; Larrion, J. L.; Garcia-Unciti, M., y col. (2005). Twice-weekly progressive resistance training decreases abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 28(3), 662-667.
doi:10.2337/diacare.28.3.662
PMid:15735205

Jacobs, P. L.; Nash, M. S., & Rusinowski, J. W. (2001). Circuit training provides cardiorespiratory and strength benefits in persons with paraplegia. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(5), 711-717.
doi:10.1097/00005768-200105000-00005
PMid:11323537

Lagally, K. M.; Cordero, J.; Good, J.; Brown, D. D., & McCaw, S. T. (2009). Physiologic and metabolic responses to a continuous functional resistance exercise workout. J Strength Cond Res, 23(2), 373-379.
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818eb1c9
PMid:19197213

Lemmer, J. T.; Ivey, F. M.; Ryan, A. S.; Martel, G. F.; Hurlbut, D. E.; Metter, J. E., y col. (2001). Effect of strength training on resting metabolic rate and physical activity: age and gender comparisons. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(4), 532-541.
doi:10.1097/00005768-200104000-00005
PMid:11283427

Martin, A. D.; Spenst, L. F.; Drinkwater, D. T., & Clarys, J. P. (1990). Anthropometric estimation of muscle mass in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 22(5), 729-733.
doi:10.1249/00005768-199010000-00027

Mayhew, J. L.; Hancock, K.; Rollison, L.; Ball, T. E.; & Bowen, J. C. (2001). Contributions of strength and body composition to the gender difference in anaerobic power. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 41(1), 33-38.
PMid:11317145

Melanson, E. L.; Sharp, T. A.; Seagle, H. M.; Donahoo, W. T.; Grunwald, G. K.; Peters, J. C., y col. (2002). Resistance and aerobic exercise have similar effects on 24-h nutrient oxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34(11), 1793-1800.
doi:10.1097/00005768-200211000-00016

O'Hagan, F. T.; Sale, D. G.; MacDougall, J. D., & Garner, S. H. (1995). Response to resistance training in young women and men. Int J Sports Med, 16(5), 314-321.
doi:10.1055/s-2007-973012
PMid:7558529

Ortego, A. R.; Dantzler, D. K.; Zaloudek, A.; Tanner, J.; Khan, T.; Panwar, R., y col. (2009). Effects of gender on physiological responses to strenuous circuit resistance exercise and recovery. J Strength Cond Res, 23(3), 932-938.
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a07884
PMid:19387383

Plyley, M. J. (1989). Physiological responses to circuit resistance training. Can J Sport Sci, 14(3), 131-132.
PMid:2819606

Poehlman, E.; DeNino, W. F.; Beckett, T.; Kinaman, K. A.; Dionne, I. J.; Dvorak, R., y col. (2002). Effects of endurance and resistance training on total daily energy expenditure in young women: a controlled randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87(3), 1004-1009.
doi:10.1210/jc.87.3.1004

Rawson, E. S., & Walsh, T. M. (2010). Estimation of resistance exercise energy expenditure using accelerometry. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 42(3), 622-628.
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b64ef3

Robergs, R. A.; Gordon, T.; Reynolds, J., & Walker, T. B. (2007a). Energy expenditure during bench press and squat exercises. J Strength Cond Res, 21(1), 123-130.
doi:10.1519/00124278-200702000-00023

Robergs, R. A.; Gordon, T.; Reynolds, J., & Walker, T. B. (2007b). Energy Expenditure During Bench Press and Squat Exercises. J Strength Cond Res, 21(1), 123-130.
doi:10.1519/00124278-200702000-00023

Rosdahl, H.; Gullstrand, L.; Salier-Eriksson, J.; Johansson, P., & Schantz, P. (2010). Evaluation of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system against the Douglas bag method. Eur J Appl Physiol, 109(2), 159-171.
doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1326-9
PMid:20043228

Ruiz, J. R.; Sui, X.; Lobelo, F.; Morrow, J. R. Jr.; Jackson, A. W.; Sjostrom, M., y col. (2008). Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. Bmj, 337, a439.
doi:10.1136/bmj.a439
PMid:18595904    PMCid:2453303

Scott, C. B. (2006). Contribution of blood lactate to the energy expenditure of weight training. J Strength Cond Res, 20(2), 404-411.
PMid:16686572

Scott, C. B., & Kemp, R. B. (2005). Direct and indirect calorimetry of lactate oxidation: implications for whole-body energy expenditure. J Sports Sci, 23(1), 15-19.
doi:10.1080/02640410410001716760

Scott, C. B.; Littlefield, N. D.; Chason, J. D.; Bunker, M. P., & Asselin, E. M. (2006). Differences in oxygen uptake but equivalent energy expenditure between a brief bout of cycling and running. Nutr Metab (Lond), 3, 1.
doi:10.1186/1743-7075-3-1

Sinoway, L.; Prophet, S.; Gorman, I.; Mosher, T.; Shenberger, J.; Dolecki, M., y col. (1989). Muscle acidosis during static exercise is associated with calf vasoconstriction. J Appl Physiol, 66(1), 429-436.
PMid:2917947

Thornton, M. K., & Potteiger, J. A. (2002). Effects of resistance exercise bouts of different intensities but equal work on EPOC. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34(4), 715-722.
doi:10.1097/00005768-200204000-00024

Weir, J. B. (1949). New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol, 109(1-2), 1-9.
PMid:15394301    PMCid:1392602