Incidencia de la Teoría de Autodeterminación sobre la persistencia deportiva. (Incidence of Self-Determination Theory of sport persistence).

Resumen

El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar la persistencia deportiva, utilizando como marco conceptual la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. Para conseguir este objetivo, se emplearon 958 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años de edad, participantes de los deportes colectivos de fútbol, baloncesto, balonmano y voleibol. La persistencia deportiva se analizó mediante el registro de las licencias federativas una temporada después de la primera valoración, contrastándose mediante entrevista semiestructurada. La escala de motivación en el deporte (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Brière y Blais, 1995), y la escala de mediadores motivacionales (García Calvo, Sánchez Miguel, Leo, Sánchez Oliva y Gómez Corrales, 2010b) se utilizaron para conocer los niveles de autodeterminación y necesidades psicológicas básicas. El análisis de varianza demostró (p < .05) que los individuos con menores valores de desmotivación, tendían a persistir la práctica deportiva en mayor medida que los que presentaban niveles inferiores. Además, a través del análisis discriminante se muestran a las necesidades psicológicas básicas como predictores de la continuidad en el deporte. Para finalizar se exponen las limitaciones del estudio y futuras prospectivas de trabajo que permitan aumentar el conocimiento de los motivos y causas que provoca la persistencia en la práctica deportiva.

Palabras clave: persistencia deportiva; motivación, deporte escolar; deportes colectivos.

Abstract

This work aims to analyze sport persistence, using Self-Determination Theory as a conceptual framework. To achieve this purpose, we selected 958 young athletes, ranging in age from 11 to 16 years old, belonged to football, basketball, handball and volleyball team sports. The follow-up year study, sport persistence was measured through federative license and checked by semi structure interview. Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Brière and Blais, 1995), and Motivational Mediators Scale (García Calvo, Sánchez Miguel, Leo, Sánchez Oliva and Gómez Corrales, 2010b) were used to know self-determination level and psychological basics needs. Analysis of variance showed (p < .05) that lower amotivation levels persistence more than individual with greater scores. Furthermore, through discriminant analysis we demonstrated that psychological needs emerged as predictors of persistence in the practice. Finally, we indicated limitations of the study and future prospective with the aim to enhance the knowledge about the reasons and motives that promote sport persistence.

Key words: sport persistence; motivation; scholar sport; team sports.

doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.02502

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