Iron status in spanish junior soccer and basketball players. (Status en hierro de jugadores de fútbol y baloncesto de la categoría junior).

Resumen

Abstract

Aim: To assess the dietary iron intake and the iron status of Spanish junior athletes and its importance on performance, and to discuss abount the consequences of an iron deficiency. Material and methods: Forty six soccer and eleven basketball players aged 17-21 years (mean age 18.2 +1.1) who played in the Spanish national junior soccer and basketball league, respectively, who had neither drugs, medicines intake nor illness during the study which altered the appetite or some studies parameters, took part in the study. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a 7-day weighed food intake record. Iron status was evaluated by means of a complete hemogram, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin and TIBC. Results: Mean iron intake was 19.24±4.58 mg/day. Mean analytical data were all between reference ranges. Basketball players had higher intake levels compared with soccer ones (22.1+6.4 and 19.2+3.9 mg/day, respectively; p< 0.05 ). Nevertheless, basketball players had lower levels of mean red blood cells, haemoglobin, hematocrit and the mean corpuscular volumes comparing with soccer players. Conclusions: During adolescence, iron requirements are very high which could place adolescent athletes in a high risk group for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. In the current research, the population studied shows an acceptable iron status although there are 3% of iron deficiency anaemia cases.

Key words/palabras calve: iron | spanish junior athletes | soccer players | basketball players | performance | hierro | atletas junior españoles | jugadores de baloncesto | jugadores de futbol | desarrollo

Resumen

Objetivos: Valorar la ingesta diaria y el estatus de hierro de los atletas junior españoles y su importancia sobre el rendimiento, así como lo que respecta a las consecuencias que tiene una deficiencia de hierro. Material y métodos: Cuarenta y seis jugadores de fútbol y once de baloncesto con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 21 años (la media de edad 18.2 + 1.1) que jugaban en la liga junior nacional de fútbol y baloncesto, respectivamente, y que no tomaban drogas, medicinas ni presentaban ninguna enfermedad durante el desarrollo del estudio que pudiera alterar el apetito o algunos de los parámetros objeto de estudio, tomaron parte en este estudio. La ingesta dietética se cuantificó mediante la técnica de registro de consumo de alimentos durante 7 días consecutivos. El estatus de hierro se evaluó por un completo hemograma, hierro sérico, ferritina, transferritina y TIBC. Resultados: La media de ingesta de hierro fue de 19.74±4.58 mg/día. Los datos analíticos significativos estaban todos entre los rangos de referencia. Los jugadores de baloncesto presentaron una ingesta significativamente superior que los de fútbol (22.1±6.4 y 19.2±3.9 mg/día). Sin embargo, los jugadores de baloncesto presentaron valores inferiores para los hematíes, hemoglobina, hematocrito y de los valores corpusculares medios al compararlos con los jugadores de fútbol. Conclusiones: Durante la adolescencia están aumentadas las necesidades de hierro, por lo que los adolescentes deportistas podrían ser un grupo de riesgo de padecer deficiencia de hierro y anemia del deportista. En la presente investigación, la población objeto de estudio presenta unos valores aceptables de estatus en hierro pero habiendo un 3% de casos con anemia por deficiencia de hierro.

doi:10.5232/ricyde2006.00405

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