Los bajos niveles de actividad física entre los adolescentes latinoamericanos, al igual que en otros lugares, son objeto de preocupación social por sus consecuencias negativas a corto y largo plazo. En relación con esta problemática, este trabajo presenta un doble objetivo: a) describir el tiempo que dedican los adolescentes escolares colombianos a la actividad física (AF) moderada (AFM) y vigorosa (AFV), según edad y género; y b) conocer el porcentaje de (in)cumplimiento de la recomendación de realizar, al menos, 60 min/día de AF moderada-vigorosa (AFMV), según las variables sociodemográficas anteriores que indican los niveles de AF (activo, inactivo y muy inactivo) de esta población. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de escolares de 6º a 9º curso (N=2624; 53% chicas), procedentes de centros públicos y privados de la ciudad de Neiva (Colombia), que contestaron una encuesta de recuerdo. Se realizaron ANOVAS univariados y pruebas Chi-cuadrado para conocer si existían diferencias significativas por género y edad. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes dedicaron más tiempo a la AFV que a la AFM. En particular, los chicos y los adolescentes de menor edad dedicaron más tiempo a la AFV que las chicas y los de mayor edad. Un 20% eran adolescentes activos, lo que indicó una alta prevalencia de inactividad en el conjunto de la muestra, especialmente entre las chicas (89%). El cumplimiento de la recomendación era mayor entre los adolescentes de 13-14 años que entre los más mayores (17-18 años), con una diferencia de 3,6 puntos porcentuales. Las chicas inactivas y muy inactivas, junto a los adolescentes más mayores, se convierten en el foco de atención urgente para la promoción de la actividad física en la ciudad de Neiva.

Abstract

The low levels of physical activity among Latin American adolescents, as elsewhere, are the subject of social concern due to their negative short- and long-term consequences. Regarding this issue, this paper presents a twofold objective: a) to describe the time that school adolescents from the city of Neiva dedicate to moderate and vigorous physical activity (MPA and VPA), according to age and gender; and b) know the percentage of (in)compliance with the recommendation to perform, at least, 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), according to the previous sociodemographic variables that indicate physical activity levels (active, inactive and very inactive) of this population. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of school adolescents from year 6 to year 9 (N = 2624; 53% girls), from Neiva public and private schools (Colombia), who answered a recall questionnaire. Univariate ANOVAS and Chi-square tests were performed to find out if there were significant differences by gender and age. Results indicated that adolescents spent more time on VPA than MPA. In particular, younger boys and adolescents spent more time on VPA than older girls and boys. 20% were active adolescents, which comply with the recommendation to perform at least 60 min/day of MVPA. This indicated a high prevalence of inactivity (inactive and very inactive) in the sample as a whole, especially among girls, which reached 89%. Compliance with the recommendation was higher among adolescents aged 13-14 years in the city of Neiva than among the oldest ones (17-18 years), with a difference of 3.8 percentual points. Inactive and very inactive girls, together with older adolescents, become the focus of urgent attention for the promotion of physical activity in the city of Neiva.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2022.06803

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