Efectos del entrenamiento físico en piscina climatizada sobre la capacidad aeróbica de un grupo de niños asmáticos. (Effects of the physical training in a warm-water pool on the aerobic power of a group of asthmatic children).

Resumen

Objetivo: Observar cambios en la capacidad aeróbica de un grupo de niños asmáticos después de un entrenamiento físico en piscina climatizada (EFPC). Método: 22 niños asmáticos, se dividieron en grupo experimental (GE) y grupo control (GC) de 11 cada uno. El GE se sometió a un EFPC durante 18 semanas de manera controlada, mientras el GC solo hacía sus actividades cotidianas. A ambos grupos se les realizó pruebas de esfuerzo en banda rodante para determinar el máximo consumo de oxígeno en METS y la frecuencia cardiaca máxima (FCM). Se midió en cada sesión de EFPC si los niños presentaban asma inducida por esfuerzo (AIE). Resultados: Al iniciar el estudio, el promedio de METS y de la FCM fueron similares en ambos grupos (Anova METS p = 0.5568; Anova FCM p = 0.5198; METS: GE 11.61 ± 2.33 DS, GC 11.05 ± 2.08 DS; FCM: GE 165.09 ± 13.85 DS, GC 161.46 ± 12.12 DS). Al finalizar, sólo el GE mejoró en los promedios de los METS de la diferencia pre-post según la prueba de observaciones apareadas (METS GE 6.65 ± 3.46 DS; Anova p = 0.0006). La FCM también aumentó, siendo significativa en el GE (FCM: GE 22.45 ± 19.04 DS; Anova FCM p = 0.0823). Solo el 6,06% de las mediciones presentaron AIE. Conclusión: Se encontró aumento significativo de la capacidad aeróbica en el GE, comparado con el GC. Se sugiere que utilizar piscina climatizada para el entrenamiento físico del asmático puede disminuir el AIE.

Palabras claves: entrenamiento físico; piscina climatizada; METS; frecuencia cardiaca máxima; asma inducida por esfuerzo.

Abstract

Objective: To observe changes in the aerobic power in a group of asthmatic children after of a physical training in warm-water pool (EFPC). Method: 22 asthmatic children, who were divided in to an experimental group (GE) and a control group (GC) of 11 each. The GE was submitted to an EFPC for 18 weeks in a controlled way, while the GC only did their daily activities. Treadmill ergometer testing were conducted to both groups, to determine the maximal oxygen consumption in MET and the maximum heart rate (FCM). Each section of the EFPC was measure to check if Children?children presented exercise-induced asthma (AIE). Results: At the beginning of the study, the average of METs and of the FCM were similar in both groups (Anova METs p = 0.5568; Anova FCM p = 0.5198; METs: GE 11.61 ± 2.33 DS, GC 11.05 ± 2.08 DS; FCM: GE 165.09 ± 13.85 DS, GC 161.46 ± 12.12 DS). At the end, only the GE improved in the averages of the difference between the pre-post test, both in the METs and in the FCM, according to the tests of paired observations (METs GE 6.65 ± 3.46 DS; Anova p = 0.0006). The FCM also increased, but acceptably in the GE (FCM: GE 22.45 ± 19.04 DS; Anova FCM p = 0.0823). Only the 6,06% of the measure have AIE. Conclusion: a significant increase of the aerobic capacity in the GE was found compared to the GC. It is suggested that the use of a warm-water pool for asthmatic’s physical training can decrease the AIE.

Key words: physical training; warm-water pool; METs; maximum hearth rate; exercise-induced asthma.

doi:10.5232/ricyde2009.01606

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