Actividad física durante embarazo, su relación con la edad gestacional materna y el peso de nacimiento. (Physical activity during pregnancy, its relationship to gestational age y birth weight).

Resumen

Históricamente la relación entre la actividad física y el embarazo no ha estado completamente clara. La gran cantidad de estudios científicos no han producido suficientes hallazgos que otorguen información clara y concreta sobre la dosis adecuada de ejercicio durante la gestación. El presente trabajo pretende conocer la relación entre los hábitos de actividad física durante el embarazo y la edad gestacional materna al momento del parto, así como el peso del recién nacido. Se ha utilizado un estudio de tipo transversal, de casos y controles, retrospectivo, 473 mujeres del área de Madrid han sido entrevistadas, edad entre 17 y 41 años, (media= 31,9±4). Todas ellas caucásicas y de origen hispano. Nuestros resultados muestran en el grupo de casos una edad gestacional similar (273±9,1 días) al de control (278±9,5), y recién nacidos con pesos inferiores (3171±443) que las que no desarrollan ningún tipo de actividad física regular o programada (3289±583) (p=0,01). El ejercicio físico desarrollado durante el embarazo reduce aparentemente el peso del recién nacido y no tiene influencia en la edad gestacional materna.

Palabras clave: ejercicio; embarazo; edad gestacional; peso de nacimiento.

Abstract

Historically the relationship between physical activity and pregnancy has not been totally clear. Despite the large number of scientific studies carried out, the appropriate amount of exercise during pregnancy is still not clarified and the question remains open. The aim of the present study was to understand the relationship between the physical activity habits during pregnancy and the maternal gestational age at the moment of the childbirth, as well as the weight of the newborn. A transversal study type has been used, involving two groups of cases and control, retrospective, and 473 women of the city of Madrid (age between 17 y 41 - mean= 31,9±4) have been interviewed. All of them were Caucasian y with Hispanic origin. According to our results, the cases group shows a similar gestational age (273±9,1 days) to that of the control group (278±9,5) but the average newborn`s weight (3171±443) is less, in comparison with the cases that did not follow any type of scheduled physical activity (3289±583) (p=0,01). We conclude that the physical exercise developed during pregnancy apparently reduces the weight of the newborn but it does not influence the gestational age.

Key words: exercise; pregnancy; gestational age; birth weight.

doi:10.5232/ricyde2010.02003

Texto completo: PDF

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