Efecto del entrenamiento combinado de pliometría y electroestimulación en salto vertical. (Effect of combined plyometric and electrostimulation training on vertical jump).

Resumen

Resumen

En este estudio se han analizado los efectos del entrenamiento combinado de pliometría y electroestimulación en un entrenamiento de fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores. El estudio incluyó tres grupos experimentales, que trabajaron ambos métodos en orden diferente y de forma simultánea, y uno de control. Participaron 78 atletas, 40 mujeres y 38 hombres, de disciplinas de velocidad (100 y 200 m lisos y 100 y 110 m vallas), con una edad de 17,94 ± 1,44 años y una masa de 58,53 ± 8,05 kg. El programa incluyó dos días / sem de entrenamiento pliométrico y dos sesiones utilizando un electroestimulador Megasonic 313-P4. Tras dos meses de entrenamiento, se midió con plataforma de contacto ORGANISER PSION 2 la altura de salto vertical y potencia del tren inferior en test de Abalakov y Drop Jump. Las mayores diferencias pre/post test (p < 0.001) de altura y potencia de salto se obtuvieron en el programa que realizó ejercicios pliométricos posteriores a la aplicación de la electroestimulación. El entrenamiento de electroestimulación y pliometría llevado a cabo de forma simultánea produjo un estancamiento en el rendimiento de los atletas.

Palabras clave: fuerza muscular; componente explosivo-elástico; potencia muscular; salto Abalakov; drop jump.

Abstract

This paper analyses the effects of combined electrostimulation and plyometric training on lower body strength training. The training programme was applied to three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups used both methods simultaneously but in different order. The participants were 78 sprinters (100m and 200m, and 100m and 110m hurdles), 38 male and 40 female. Their average age was 15,9 ± 1,4 years and their average weight was 58,53 ± 8,05kg. The training programme consisted in two days a week of plyometric training and two sessions with a Megasonic 313-P4 electrostimulation unit. After two months training, vertical jump height and lower body power were measured in Abalakov test and Drop Jump test with PSION ORGANISER II. The most significant pre- and post-test (p < 0.001) improvements in height and jump power were obtained in the programme combining electrostimulation with subsequent plyometric exercises. Simultaneous electrostimulation and plyometric exercises caused performance stagnancy.

Key words: muscle strength; explosive-elastic component; muscle power; Abalakov jump; drop jump.

doi:10.5232/ricyde2010.02106

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