La Teoría de la Autodeterminación (SDT), conceptualizada por Deci y Ryan, aporta el marco para entender cómo puede estimularse la toma de decisiones con un efecto positivo sobre la salud a largo plazo. La SDT postula que la conducta intencional del ser humano puede describirse a través de procesos de motivación intrínseca e internalización. La motivación es uno de los elementos clave para conseguir una adecuada adherencia al ejercicio. El estudio pormenorizado de la SDT en el ámbito de la actividad física, y su relación con la adherencia a programas de ejercicio, puede y debe constituir una de las futuras áreas de trabajo para los investigadores en el ámbito de las ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte. Mediante la profundización en esta línea, el conocimiento de determinadas características especiales de los distintos grupos de población participantes en actividades físicas organizadas y la adaptación de la planificación de las mismas, se puede llegar a conseguir un nivel de adherencia a la práctica importante, que permita a un mayor número de individuos el desarrollo de un estilo de vida saludable.

Palabras clave: autodeterminación; adherencia; motivación; ejercicio.

Abstract

Self-determination Theory (SDT), conceptualized by Deci and Ryan, provides a framework to understand how individuals can be encouraged to make decisions that will have a positive effect on their long-term health. SDT postulates that intentional human behavior can be described through two processes of intrinsic motivation and intemalization. Motivation is a key element for exercise adherence. The detailed study of the SDT in the context of physical activity and its relationship to the adherence to physical exercise programs should be a future research area for those working in the field of physical activity and sport sciences. Implementation of this research line, knowledge of specific characteristics of those individuals participating in organized physical activities, and planning adaptation, may help to reach adherence levels allowing a higher number of individuals to develop a healthy lifestyle.

Key words: self-determination; adherence; motivation; exercise.

doi: 10.5232/ricyde2011.02504

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