Predictores socio-contextuales y motivacionales de la intención de continuar participando: Un análisis desde la SDT en danza. (Social-contextual and motivational predictors of intentions to continue participation: A test of SDT in dance).

Resumen

En el marco de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985; 2000), se estudiaron los predictores socio-contextuales y motivacionales de la intención de seguir practicando danza, y el papel del burnout en estas relaciones, poniendo a prueba dos modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los participantes, 197 bailarines vocacionales, completaron los cuestionarios con las variables clave de interés. Los resultados revelaron que las percepciones del apoyo a la autonomía ofrecidas por el profesor de danza actuó como predictor positivo de la motivación autónoma (motivación intrínseca, regulación integrada y regulación identificada) y como predictor negativo de la motivación controlada (regulación externa y regulación introyectada) y de la no motivación. A su vez, la intención de seguir participando en danza fue predicha positivamente por la motivación autónoma y negativamente por la motivación controlada y por la no motivación. En el segundo modelo, la incorporación del burnout como antecedente inmediato de la intención, aumentó la varianza explicada de la intención de continuar participando.  La motivación autónoma actuó como predictor negativo del burnout mientras que la motivación controlada y la no motivación presentaron asociaciones positivas con éste. A su vez el burnout se mostró como predictor negativo de la intención de continuar en danza. Los resultados ofrecen apoyo a la teoría de la autodeterminación y destacan los beneficios de promover la motivación autónoma a través de interacciones de apoyo a la autonomía, en un contexto tan complejo como la danza, en el que se valoran tanto los aspectos técnicos como los artísticos.

Palabras clave: Autodeterminación; motivación; danza; burnout; intenciones.

Abstract

Grounded in the framework of self-determination theory (Deci y Ryan, 1985; 2000), socio-contextual and motivational predictors of intentions to continue participation in dance, and the role of burnout in these relationships were studied through the testing of two structural equations models, 197 vocational dancers, completed questionnaires assessing the key variables of interest. Results revealed that perceptions of autonomy support, offered by the dance professor, positively predicted dancers’ autonomous motivation (intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and identify regulation) and were negatively linked to controlled motivation (external and introjected regulation) and amotivation. In turn, intentions to continue participation in dance was predicted positively by autonomous motivation and negatively by controlled motivation as well as amotivation. In the second model, the incorporation of burnout as a proximal antecedent of intention increased the explained variance accounted for intentions to continue. Autonomous motivation negatively and controlled motivation and amotivation positively predicted burnout while a negative path from burnout to intentions to continue participation in dance emerged. Results support self-determination theory and highlight the benefits of promoting autonomous motivation through autonomy-supportive interactions in a context such as dance, where performance and artistry are valued.

Key words: Self-determination, motivation, dance, burnout, intentions

doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.02505

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