Uso defensivo del espacio de interacción en fútbol. (Defensive use of the interaction space in soccer).

Resumen

El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer el uso estratégico en defensa del espacio de interacción desplegado por los equipos de fútbol en la dinámica de competición. Se codificaron seis partidos de la Liga española, registrándose la ubicación espacial de jugadores y el balón en cada una de las posesiones individuales de balón (n = 6793) que ocurrieron durante la competición. Los registros se codificaron a partir de la salida bidimensional de datos que aporta la tecnología video tracking del sistema AMISCO®, que permitió registrar las siguientes variables: amplitud (AMP), profundidad (PRO), distancia de la defensa a la portería que defiende (DDP) y distancia del balón a la defensa (DBD) cuando los equipos estuvieron sin la posesión del balón o en defensa. Las variables espaciales se correlacionaron con la distancia del balón a la portería adversaria (DBP), en metros, cuando el equipo rival tuvo la posesión del balón. Los resultados mostraron que los equipos hacen un uso estratégico del espacio cuando no están en posesión del balón. Existió una correlación positiva y significativa entre DBP con el resto de las variables, especialmente con DDP y DBD. Las conclusiones de este trabajo permiten aumentar el conocimiento respecto al uso del espacio de interacción que los equipos adoptan cuando no tienen la posesión del balón, con el objetivo de contrarrestar el ataque rival, y que debería ser aplicado en el proceso de entrenamiento.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the ways in which soccer players use in defense the pitch space during a competitive match. Six matches from the Spanish league were studied, recording the spatial location of players and the ball in each of the individual ball possessions (n = 6793) that occurred during competitive play. Coding was performed with the 2 dimensional data obtained through the AMISCO® video tracking system, which enabled the following variables to be recorded: width (AMP), depth (PRO), distance between defensive line in relation to the goal being defended (DDP) and distance from the ball to the defensive line (DBD). All these variables were coded only when the team did not have possession. Four spatial variables were correlated with the distance from the ball to the opponent goal (DBP), in meters, when the other team had possession of the ball. The results showed that teams make use of space of interaction when they had not the possession of the ball. The correlations were positive and significative among DBP with the others variables, especially with DDP and DBD. The conclusions of this paper can enhance knowledge regarding the use of interaction space that teams develop when they do not have the possession of the ball, in order to counter the rival attack, and that it should be applied in the training process.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2013.03203

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